Facilities Management - Disaster Recovery Plans
DISASTER ACTION RECOVERY PLAN
University of Arizona Library
University of Arizona Library
SPACE Team
ARIZONA BOARD OF REGENTS
Copyright 2002
Revised 7/11/2007
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
The intent of this manual is to provide instructions, suggestions, and contact information in the event of an emergency involving the University of Arizona Library.
The safety of people always comes first. Dealing with damaged collections proceeds only after:
- Injuries have been attended to and
- The building is secure for people to enter.
This manual consists of three Sections plus Appendices:
Section A. Disaster Response
Section B. Recovery (Packout)
Section C. Plans for Salvage
Appendices
Appendix 1: DART Responsibilities
Appendix 2: Telephone Tree
Appendix 3: Supply lists and campus locations
Appendix 4: Services and Consultants
Appendix 5: Floor plans, electrical plans
Section A. Disaster Response
Reporting an Emergency
FIRST follow instructions below for reporting an emergency
SECOND call Recovery Coordinator and give a clear and concise assessment of the damage.
THIRD the Recovery Coordinator calls members of DART as needed.
A. FIRE—CALL 911
- PULL alarm. CALL 911 for U of A Police/Fire.
- EVACUATE the building. Stay calm, but be firm with anyone who does not wish to leave. IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO: Close and lock doors (do not take the time to close windows or turn off lights); if the fire is small and local and you are sure it will not spread, extinguish it.
- DESIGNATE someone to meet firemen and U of A Police and give them the information they need.
- If library materials are affected call Recovery Coordinator (Appendix 5).
B. FLOOD OR WATER LEAK—CALL 621-3000, 621-5808, 621-9586
- FIND SOURCE of leak
- REPORT flood or leak to Physical Resources (numbers above) and Library Administration
Library Administration calls during regular hours: 621-2101
Jim Fromm Cell: 548-9447. Home: 575-6360
- If library materials are affected call Recovery Coordinator (Appendix 5).
Flood precautions:
1. Evacuate the area (and the building for major floods or leaks)
2. Do not touch electrical outlet or switches (leave the lights on or off)
3. Do not step into the water or attempt to walk through it
- CHEMICAL SPILL—CALL 911 AND HEALTH & SAFETY (NUMBER)
If you are unsure about chemical damage or exposure, do not handle materials or breathe fumes.
Evacuate building and consult with Risk Management before handling the problem.
Until help arrives
Response to collection damage will occur only after any injuries have been attended to and the building determined safe to enter.
Section A. Disaster Response
Assessing damage
The Recovery Coordinator or qualified DART team member is responsible for assessing the level of emergency and implementing the appropriate level of response.
a. Minor Emergency. Minor emergencies are those that involve fewer than 100 items and which staff can handle without outside experts or assistance. DART is not required for minor emergencies.
b. Moderate Emergency. A moderate emergency applies to an incident in which fewer than 1000 items are affected, or where physical damage is likely to be more severe, and where help or expertise from outside the library is likely. The Recovery Coordinator uses his/her discretion to activate members of DART.
c. Major Emergency. A major emergency is one that affects more than 1000 collection items, damage is severe, and where expertise and outside assistance will be required. DART will be activated and the phone tree utilized to mobilize volunteers.
Because of their unique qualities or individual value, or the nature of the recovery effort involved, damage to a small number of Special Collections items may result in a major emergency.
GENERAL RESPONSE TO WATER DISASTERS
Most emergency recovery that requires rapid response involves water. The following assumes that the scope of the emergency will permit effective response. Use caution in areas that might contain electrical cables, exposed wiring, circuit breaker boxes, etc.
- IF WATER FROM OVERHEAD: protect material from further damage.
- Move if possible to dry location or shelves, using book trucks. DO NOT place materials on floor. OR
- Cover books with plastic sheets to protect from water.
B. IF WATER IS RISING FROM FLOOR: move material from the lowest shelves to higher shelving or higher floors. Use book trucks to speed move.
GENERAL RESPONSE TO MILDEW
Secure affected material from human contact. Place items in plastic bags, if only a few are affected. If the infestation is large scale, evacuate people from the area and quarantine affected material.
Section A. Disaster Response
Procedures for minor emergencies
General Procedures
- FOLLOW procedures for reporting an emergency.
- CALL Recovery Coordinator.
- Recovery Coordinator ASSESSES the damage and activates DART as required for recovery procedures.
Dealing With Damaged Materials
Wet Material
Once the source of water is stopped, and if only a small amount of material is wet, the following activity can be carried out with the go-ahead from the Recovery Coordinator. If you are unsure of how to proceed, DO NOTHING. Wait for help to arrive.
Books. Put newspapers or paper towels on table. Interleave every ten pages of the book with paper towel if possible; interleave books with coated or decorated paper between every page. Stand book upright; fan book open if possible, DO NOT force it open. Turn a fan directly on the book. Change paper towels when saturated.
Manuscripts. Do not separate, as paper tears easily when wet. Carefully remove from boxes in stacks. Place on paper towels and direct fan at wet material. As manuscripts on top begin to dry, separate from stack. Partially dry single manuscripts can be hung on a line to dry, or laid flat on paper towels or drying racks. Note that it is important to maintain as much as possible the integrity of the arrangement of the materials.
Photographic prints. Clean in fresh, cold water. Interleave with paper towels to remove excess moisture. Hang on lines to dry. If large amounts of photographic prints are wet, they may be frozen—place in plastic bags, seal bags, and transfer to freezer at CCP. Preservation assistance is required within 6 to 10 hours. Non-paper-based prints may have to be sent to a professional photographic laboratory for salvage.
Microfilm, slides, motion picture film, negatives. DOT NOT remove from paper containers if containers provide identification information. DO NOT AIR DRY. Keep in cold, clean water. Preservation assistance is required within 6 to 10 hours.
Video tapes, magnetic tapes. Preservation is immediately necessary. DO NOT FREEZE. If only one tape is wet, it can be unrolled and spread out to air dry. Wet tapes must me dried within 24 hours. Consider possible replacement of wet tapes instead of drying.
Computer media. Wet magnetic disks or tapes should be treated as for videotapes, etc., above. Wet floppy disks should be removed from paper containers to air dry. Optical and videodisks should be dried as are vinyl sound recordings—see below. If unsure about media, wait for assistance, or contact a consultant listed in the Appendices.
Sound Recordings. Disks should be removed from jackets and wiped dry with a clean, soft, untreated cloth (cheese cloth). Be careful not to disturb any paper labels on the disk. Place the disk on paper towels or soft cloth to air-dry labels. The wet jacket should be freeze-dried or vacuum-dried (air-drying may cause mold). If the recording is a tape, refer to videotapes, etc., above. If the recording is pre-1950 or non-vinyl, contact a consultant from the list in the Appendices.
Mildew
In some cases, materials that are not wet and do not exhibit entrenched mold growth may be treated by placing items in the sun to achieve a dormant state. The mold can then be brushed away using a soft-bristled brush (individual performing this operation must wear a mask and gloves). Items should be monitored regularly to determine return of mold growth.
If the material is wet, or exhibits a large amount of mold growth, it should be placed in a plastic bag and frozen until fumigation is possible.
Insects
Place infested material in a plastic bag and seal. Material should be blast frozen and fumigated. Refer to consultants as needed.
Section A. Disaster Response
Procedures for moderate and Level I major emergencies
Moderate emergencies involve fewer than 1000 items. Level I major emergencies involve more than 1000 items. Both imply severe damage to collections but are not catastrophic to buildings, campus, or region. It is assumed that phone lines are not down, and communications and transportation are not difficult. Directions for reporting an emergency and procedures for what to do until help arrives may be carried out by staff.
NOTE PEOPLE COME FIRST. Disaster adrenaline seldom lasts longer than 72 hours. Be considerate of the workers, whether staff or volunteers. Provide cold and hot drinks, food, breaks, rest periods and, if necessary, sleeping accommodations. Keep track of who is helping, because recognition and compensation should be a part of the project.
- Obtain as complete information as possible about the problem.
- Ascertain who has been called. Activate DART call list as necessary (it may not be necessary to activate entire team).
- DART members assemble on-site and make assessment of damage.
- Reduce temperature and humidity in the affected area by mopping/pumping up water. Vacuum out (with wet-dry vacuums) any standing water. If there are carpets or curtains that are holding water they may need to be removed. TURN OFF ALL HEAT. Turn on air conditioning and ventilate the area with large electric fans. Cool, dry, and well-circulated air retards the activation of mold and mildew spores. Dehumidifiers may also be useful in small, enclosed areas. During daylight hours, open doors, and leave above ground broken windows un-boarded in order to maximize airflow.
- Arrange for SECURITY of collections if necessary.
- PLAN and ASSIGN duties.
- Assign one person to make calls and obtain supplies.
- Assign one person to obtain additional library staff using phone tree.
- Assign one person to document the damage and affected area (before, during, and after salvage).
- Assign one person to media relations.
- Assign people to supervise work crews.
- Assign one person to keep records of expenses, names of volunteers, and hours worked by everyone.
- PREPARE pre-designated COMMAND CENTER location, box making area, shipping areas, and treatment area. Collect in-house supplies and arrange for additional supplies as necessary. Consult the Supplies and consultant list as needed. Be AWARE of potential electrical hazards. It is often necessary to turn off the main power and run the fans from generators to avoid fire or danger to personnel.
- Help COVER and REMOVE material. Use priorities and procedures outlined in PACKOUT section of manual. If dealing with wet material, remove those materials least able to withstand water as soon as possible (coated paper, photographs, magnetic tapes, computer software, microfilm, film, slides).
- Carry through appropriate action for immediate SALVAGE. Work crews should be organized and given clear instructions. Crews will be supervised by DART members. Necessary tasks may include: folding and taping boxes, cutting 12” to 18” sheets of freezer wrap, moving supplies to packers, packing damaged materials, marking boxes and keeping records of box contents, moving packed boxes (via book trucks) to freezers, pallets, trucks.
- See Section B. RECOVERY (PACK-OUT), Appendix X: Handling Damaged Material and Appendix X: Preparing Wet Materials for Freezing.
- Be sure exposed, unharmed material is PROTECTED; cover unharmed material with plastic sheeting prior to moving damaged materials through unharmed areas.
- Arrange for rest periods, refreshments, and relief workers.
- Once material is stabilized (properly stored or frozen), plan and carry through the restoration phase in second Section C. RESTORATION/SALVAGE.
- Fumigate materials and/or building if necessary.
- Return materials to collections.
- Extend thanks.
Section A. Disaster Response
Suggestions for handling Level II major emergencies
A level II major emergency assumes that phone lines are down, communications are poor or dependent upon limited cell phone communication, buildings and collections are affected. Undoubtedly there will be much material lost. Recovery will be appropriate only after human needs are attended to and buildings are declared safe for entry. A great deal of on-site, common sense decision-making will have to be done. It is likely that recovery efforts for library collections may not be possible for several days or weeks. When possible, DART will try to meet on campus to plan for recovery. The following are points and priorities to consider:
- If in doubt, do not enter the building. Safety of people is the highest priority.
- Assess damage to all library collections as possible. Note where water, fire, and contamination are worst.
- Use DART members to head groups of volunteers to save materials on several sites at once.
- If possible, consider priorities lists to direct salvage operations.
- If possible, cover, save undamaged items first. Use makeshift covers such as lumber, pieces of building, etc., to protect materials.
- Place materials on makeshift pallets to air and/or stay dry.
- If weather is nice, lay damp books out to dry in sunshine. Be prepared to protect them in inclement weather.
- Concentrate on practical salvage. Work from best condition to worst.
- Provide security if possible.
- Look for other available sites for storing materials, either on campus or nearby. Keep track of materials routing.
- Seek consultant assistance as necessary.
Section B. Pack-out
The pack-out phase of the recovery operation requires removal of damaged and wet materials from the disaster site. This action alleviates additional harm that might occur to records, books, and equipment, and in the process provides a working inventory. The Collection Manager (Appendix 5) and Recovery Support Coordinator (Appendix 5) survey the degree of fire and water damage to materials and determine the best method for recovery. Pack out proceeds following their assessment.
REMEMBER: Thoroughly soaked books should NEVER be forced open. Materials with silicone or clay coated papers (most magazines, art books, illustrated volumes, medical texts, and many journals) should not be allowed to dry. Keep such materials wet and freeze immediately. Coated paper materials can remain wet for approximately 48 hours before inks and dyes will dissolve and cause irreparable damage.
Wet books that are muddy can be cleaned prior to freezing; however, this is a time and labor consuming procedure that may not be warranted. REMEMBER, it is easier to remove dried dirt rather than wet mud from a book and less mechanical damage is likely to occur. If cleaning is desired, follow this procedure:
- Line up six to eight 20 or 30 gallon plastic garbage cans, fill them with clean water and provide each can with a hose and continuously running water;
- Immerse each book individually in the can while dabbing it lightly with a sponge;
- Repeat this process through each successive can. NEVER open the book--hold it firmly closed during this process.
PACK-OUT FOR BOOKS/DOCUMENTS:
- Uniform one cubic foot boxes 12x15x10 (standard record center boxes) and one and a half cubic foot boxes 12x18x12 are optimum sizes. Standard 200 pound test cardboard is ideal for packing boxes. The one cubic foot box will weigh a maximum of 50 pounds when filled with wet material. The weight of wet paper makes larger boxes impractical. Larger boxes cause the freezing process to be slower and non-uniform.
Plastic milk crates can be substituted for cardboard boxes in a small disaster involving less than two or three thousand books. The “imprinting” of the milk crate design on water damaged materials can be avoided by using a layer(s) of thick cardboard between the books and bottom and two end panels of the crate. Properly wrapping or interlacing the books can also prevent the “imprinting” of the crate design.
- A standard one cubic box will generally hold an average of 15 books. Full letter-size file drawers contain approximately 2 cubic feet and legal-size drawers contain approximately 3 cubic feet.
Pack-out--books
- Wrap or interleave each book with clean newsprint or waxed paper (waxed side out), or freezer and plastic wrap. This procedure will allow a final sorting before drying if necessary and will prevent mechanical damage to the books from freezing together. Do not bother to interleave files.
- Pack books spine down in a single row from end-to-end of the box. Books should be packed “comfortably” but never tight. There should be enough room between the end of the row of books and one end of the box to place an extended (flat) hand. REMEMBER: wet books will continue to swell even during the freezing process. DO NOT pack books on either sides of the row of books in the box. AVOID stacking materials on top of one another, since water damaged materials will sag, and become permanently deformed. Store the materials spine down.
NOTE TO REMEMBER: Books that are swollen open should not be closed. They should be packed in their own carton. Similarly, books that have stuck together should not be separated, but wrapped as a unit and packed together. There are times, however, when books must be stacked on top of one another. If the books are too large to pack spine down, stack them no more than four high in progressive order of size beginning with the largest book on the bottom.
- Seal the box top with four-inch wide tape from a hand-held tape dispenser. More than one strip of tape may be needed to totally secure the box.
- Code each box with a black felt marker with a “D” for dry or “W” for wet contents. Also include the first three numbers/letters of the classification scheme for the shelf or shelves being packed. Mark this code on both ends of the box, the top, and at least one side.
- Stack 24 to 30 boxes to a pallet and shrink-wrap the entire load. Place only “D” dry or “W” wet boxes on a pallet - do not intermix. Stack boxes with coded sides or ends clearly visible. Try to keep boxes with the same classification scheme together.
- Code each pallet with a distinctive number and note whether the load is “D” or “W”.
- A refrigerated truck, although it won’t freeze materials, assists in stabilizing the wet materials while in transit to the nearest cold storage facility. Any type of freezing at 0 degrees Fahrenheit or below facilitates salvage but “blast” freezing is recommended because it forms smaller ice crystals.
Pack-out--microfilm
Microfilm should be transferred directly to plastic containers filled with clean cold water. Secure the microfilm cartons with rubber bands without removing the rolls from the cartons. This precaution prevents separation of labeling information should the cartons disintegrate. Seek professional assistance as soon as possible
Pack-out for diskettes
Like microfiche, floppy discs should be transferred directly to plastic containers with clean cold water.
Pack-out for photographs
Slides and Negatives can be placed in zip-lock bags filled with cold clean water. Ideally, distilled or de-ionized water should be used. The water should be kept as cold as possible. Refrigeration is ideal but if it is unavailable ice (not dry ice) can be added to the packages if cooling is necessary. The adhesives in the slide binders will swell and dissolve with prolonged immersion in water. As these adhesives are colored, they may stain adjacent material. Periodic water changes may be necessary to prevent this. Seek professional assistance as soon as possible.
- Black and White slides and negatives. In theory these may be kept wet for up to 72 hours, after which time the emulsion may be expected to lift. If the material can not be sent to Kodak within this time, it should be frozen. In practice, we have kept materials wet for longer periods without significant damage.
- Color slides and negatives. In theory these may be kept wet for up to 48 hours, after which time the dye layers may begin to dissolve. If the material can not be sent to Kodak within this time, it should be frozen using the "blast" (rapid) freezing process, which prevents large ice crystals from forming. In practice, we have kept materials wet for longer periods without significant damage.
The Eastman Kodak Company provides emergency service for cleaning and drying Kodak black and white film of all varieties. Local film processors may be able to provide a similar service for non-Kodak film. Local professional photographic services should be contacted immediately for work on color negative film and prints.
Pack-out for microforms and motion picture film
Roll films wet in a different manner than sheet films and prints. Because they are tightly wound, it is not at all unlikely that the interior of the rolls may not be significantly wet. If they are it is possible that the film is only wet along the edges, near the sprocket holes. However, if it is wet, then the softened emulsion may cause the tightly wound film to fuse together. Film cans, microfilm boxes etc. can offer substantial protection against water damage; materials in materials in such containers have been found to be dry even after floating in water for long periods.
It is essential that the film not be allowed to dry because it will fuse. Plastic (not metal) garbage cans and buckets filled with clean cold-water make appropriate storage containers. Normally these materials should be kept wet and sent to Kodak or a film-processing lab as soon as possible. The salvage operation will probably involve reprocessing the film. Microfiche should be frozen and vacuum-freeze dried.
Pack-out of Electronic Storage Media.
If time is available and the floppies are merely damp, it may be possible to air dry them with hair dryers set on low temperature. If the disks are wet, muddy, etc. or if treatment must be postponed (e.g. if there are many of them), then they should be kept wet in cold, clean water, in plastic trays, garbage cans, buckets, etc. In the case of significant material, get in touch with any of the major disk manufacturers, several of which can provide salvage services and technical advice.
Keep the disk wet until treatment. Slit open two edges of the sleeve, being careful not to cut the disk itself (the disk floats freely within the sleeve and can be pushed to the opposite end of the sleeve).
A blank sleeve is prepared by slicing two edges from the sleeve of a new diskette and discarding the disk itself. The old disk is inserted in the new sleeve, and the information copied to a new disk. After several disks have been copied, the sleeve should be replaced, as debris from the damaged disks may build up on the Tyvek surface.
2. Videotapes. In most cases, replacement will be the most appropriate action. In very rare instances, it may be possible to dismantle the cassette and dry the tape chemically in a manner similar to the procedure for roll film (see III.A.2). Consultation with a recording engineer is advised.
3. Videodiscs, Optical discs, etc. Normally these can be washed in clean water and air dried without problems.
Section C. Recovery
The Restoration Phase
As with Pack-out, the second Phase, restoration differs from medium to medium.
BOOK/DOCUMENT RESTORATION:
There are three primary drying methods available, air-drying, vacuum drying, and vacuum freeze-drying. The first, air-drying, should be attempted only with slightly damp or moist books. The two vacuum methods require special equipment and drying techniques.
MANUSCRIPTS:
In most instances, it is desirable to freeze the material and dry it sometime in the future. Improper drying or uneven drying may result in additional damage. In general the material should be frozen in stacks. Cartons of manuscripts in file folders can be frozen in the cartons with not further preparation. If possible, keep labels, folders, etc. with the objects.
If it is not possible to freeze manuscript and archives material, carefully remove from boxes in stacks. Do not separate, as paper tears easily when wet. Place on paper towels and direct fan at wet material. As manuscripts on top begin to dry, separate from stack. Partially dry single manuscripts can be hung on a line to dry, or laid flat on paper towels or drying racks.
AIR DRYING (DO NOT ATTEMPT THIS PROCESS WITH COATED PAPER)
Books to be air-dried should be in a room where constant air circulation, and preferably air conditioning, is available. DO NOT HEAT the drying area. Heat will only advance mold growth.
Books should be stood upright on the head (top) end. The head is preferred since the book, in normal use, will have had a tendency to sag at the head end, a tendency that would be further aggravated by the weight of the wet leaves or text block. The books should be slightly tilted back for drainage and opened with their covers and text block spread/fanned open at approximately a 60-degree angle.
To obtain this tilt and provide further support for the book, use Styrofoam, sponge rubber, or similar material three-sixteenths of an inch thick, cut into small pieces three-quarters of an inch wide or slightly longer (depending on the width of the text block) than the thickness of the block. A toothpick placed under each cover and midway from the front will sufficiently support the covers at the desired tilt for additional drainage. Air drying a damp, but no soaked book, may require several weeks. The book should be checked at least twice a day, and the pages re-fanned.
Section C. Recovery
Handling damaged materials
Water-damaged Materials (general)
- Most library disasters involve water damage. Because mildew may begin to develop within 48 hours, knowing how to respond correctly to water damage is essential for all staff responsible for collections.
- ALL materials (film, sound recording, books, manuscripts, photographs, etc.) are very fragile when wet and require extreme caution when handling.
Water-damaged Materials—books and/or paper
- All material made of paper will swell when wet it exposed to air. If large numbers are affected, consider bringing them out only as they can be handled.
- All paper-based materials will mildew in air within 48 hours if the temperature is above 65 degrees Fahrenheit and relative humidity is above 65%.
- Avoid forcing wet books open or separating stacks of wet documents. Freeze if possible. If not, air dry in as cool, and dry and environment as possible with good air circulation. Books with coated paper must be interleaved between every leaf for air-drying; books on non-coated paper may be interleaved every few leaves. Be aware of books with coated plated and non-coated text paper in the same volume.
- Use care to keep loose covers and pages with the appropriate textblock. Loose covers pr [ages should, however, be treated separately if they cannot be immediately matched. The can be matched to texts during restoration efforts, once the threat of mildew is alleviated. Save all parts of damaged rare and unique materials.
- See the following on “Preparing Wet Material for Freezing”.
- With modest quantities, single sheets and parts of books can be hung in fresh air on ropes or clotheslines to dry.
Water-damaged Materials—Photographic Prints and Negatives
- If a small number of prints/negatives have been wetted, rinse with clean, cold water and air-dry as soon as possible.
- Keep immersion time for all photographs to a minimum. For most prints and negatives, 72 hours is the maximum length of safe immersion. However, prints fixed with a non-hardening fixer will be destroyed if soaked for that long. Wet collodion glass plate negatives, ambrotypes, and tintypes will generally be destroyed by even brief immersion in water.
- Warm water (room temperature) speeds deterioration. If intentionally immersed in water (for cleaning or control drying), the water should be kept cold. If flooded by warm water, move prints to cold water or freeze as soon as possible.
- If photographs cannot be air-dried immediately, they should be frozen within 72 hours of wetting. If frozen, they should be thawed and air-dried as possible. If too many prints are damaged, they may be freeze-dried in a vacuum chamber, although air-drying is preferable.
- Do not vacuum-dry thawed photographs. They may be freeze-dried in a vacuum chamber, or dried following the process outlined above.
- Wet collodian glass plate negatives, tintypes, and ambrotypes should NEVER be freeze-dried.
- Black and white silver gelatin materials, depending on the type of paper used for printing and the use of a hardening vs. non-hardening fixer, deteriorate at different rates when soaked. Prints fixed with non-hardening fixers deteriorate faster. All can be air-dried with a minimum of loss of surface gloss. Freeze-drying may cause gelatin to mottle, although freezing itself does not damage water-soaked photographs.
- Salt prints, albumen prints, and collodian-chloride prints can be air-dried, or frozen-thawed-air-dried, or freeze-dried (preference in that order).
- Color photographs also deteriorate at different rates depending upon the development process. In some cases dyes may diffuse after being immersed in water for only a short time. Hence immersion time should be minimal. Air-drying is recommended. Freezing-thawing-air-drying should be employed for large quantities of affected material.
- Freeze-drying is recommended for photograph albums (however, do not vacuum-dry these albums).
Water-damaged materials—microforms, slides, motion picture film
- DO NOT DRY WET FILM. Clean if necessary in cold water. Keep wet film soaking in clean, cold water. Contact and ship to a reliable agency (such as Kodak) for reprocessing (wash and dry) as soon as possible.
- The emulsion on all film products can be damaged if wetted. The longer the film is wet, the less likelihood there is of recovery. However, drying of the film in improperly equipped situations will also destroy film. EXPERT ADVICE IS REQUIRED.
- Microfilm/fiche should be soaked in their containers. Do not separate film from its container until adequate means for transferring identification are established.
- Processing facilities will re-process wet. Film that air-dries without the appropriate processing baths and drying procedure will be unstable; emulsion will peel off and/or stick to other layers of wound film.
- Consider the possibility of replacement of damaged film as a less expensive alternative to salvage (obviously, this does not apply with unique items).
Water-damaged materials—video and magnetic tapes
- Wet video and magnetic tapes should be air-dried within 24 hours.
- DO NOT FREEZE VIDEO AND MAGNETIC TAPES.
- Tapes must be unrolled to air dry. Care should be taken to avoid scratches, tears, dust, and dirt.
- Contact the manufacturers of the wet tape for further instructions on salvage.
- Consider the possibility of replacement of damaged film as a less expensive alternative to salvage (obviously, this does not apply with unique items).
Water-damaged materials—sound recording disks
- Vinyl disks should be removed from jackets and wiped dry with a clean, soft, untreated cloth (cheese cloth). Be careful not to disturb any of the paper labels on the disk.
- The wet jackets and liners should be freeze-dried or vacuum-dried, to prevent the growth of mold inside.
- Pre-1950 disks and/or non-vinyl recordings (such as shellac disks, metal disks, wax disks, or cylinders) are not as uniform in composition as vinyl disks. Expert and immediate advice will be necessary for salvage.
Burned or smoke-damaged materials
- After a fire, material may appear to be unaffected if un-burnt. However, the high temperatures can cause serious damage to items even if far from the fire (melted adhesives or plastics, distortion of text blocks, melting of films and tapes). Check and carefully handle all materials on-site.
- Damaged photographs, manuscripts or art can be supported on strong paper or cardboard to prevent further damage or loss.
- Charred edges of text can be trimmed, if necessary, making texts usable.
- Soot may be removed by wiping damaged material with a clean, dry cloth. If soot has collected on the head, tail, or fore-edge of a text block, be careful that it is not pushed in between pages as wiping clean.
Mud or sewage-damaged materials
- Handle with plastic gloves—especially if sewage is involved. If clean water is available, rinse gently, but do not scrub to cleanse, let drain, then freeze or air-dry.
- If there is no water available, freeze or air-dry, but label as contaminated.
Mildew—books and paper
- Contact Risk Management to determine if the mold represents a health hazard. Those individuals who are taking steroids, have chronic respiratory problems, have diabetes, or are pregnant should avoid the infected area until it is deemed safe.
- Quarantine the affected area. Do not remove materials from the area or put new materials in the area.
- Decrease humidity. Use fans to circulate air. Decrease temperature. Use dehumidifiers. Open doors and windows if conditions permit.
- Take daily readings of temperature and humidity in infected area.
- Contact Risk Management to determine the type of mold and treatment alternatives. Treatment alternatives may include:
- Hand-wiping books with disinfectant. Estimate 1 to 1.5 minutes per book for treatment.
- Blast-freeze.
- A vacuum chamber, using a chemical fumigant such as ethylene oxide combined with Freon or carbon dioxide.
- On-site chemical fogging. A highly qualified exterminator is necessary. Make sure the company has experience with mold extermination.
- The environment needs to be stabilized in conjunction with fumigation.
- A wet-dry vacuum can be used to remove visible mold growths. The vacuum tank should be filled with a solution of sodium hypochloride (over 10%) to kill the mold vacuumed into the tank.
- Floors and shelves must be cleaned with disinfectant.
- Tag books treated for mold for future checking.
Mildew—microforms and film
- DO NOT USE WATER OR WATER SOLUTIONS TO REMOVE MILDEW. It will lead to disintegration of the image.
- Send film to a qualified processing lab.
Mildew—sound recordings
- Vinyl sound recordings should be cleaned with a disk cleaner and thoroughly dried prior to reshelving. Tapes may not be salvageable—the manufacturer should be contacted for advice.
APPENDIX I:
Disaster Action Recovery Team Title Descriptions
Recovery Coordinator
The Recovery Coordinator (Appendix 5) establishes a Command Center and is responsible for overall management of the Disaster Action Recovery Team and the implementation of Disaster Recovery Plan. The Recovery Coordinator (Appendix 5) implements salvage priorities, to establish an in-house communications network during the recovery effort, decides how to utilize volunteers, and arranges with University News & Publications to have a staff photographer document the disaster aftermath and recovery operation. This individual (or his/her designee) arranges for food, potable water, and sanitation facilities for recovery workers. The Recovery Coordinator (Appendix 5) and the Library’s chief financial officer have authority to make decisions on expenditures, hiring of consultants, and other financial matters.
Recovery Support Coordinator
This individual is well versed in the various types of damage that may occur in differing types of disasters and is also aware of the different techniques available for salvage of materials. The primary responsibilities of the Recovery Support are: recommendation of proper handling of damaged materials, ordering recovery supplies, selection of any outside individuals to be used as subcontractors, training of volunteers and non-library personnel utilized in the pack-out of damaged materials, and approval of any deviations from the chief technical consultant to the Recovery Coordinator (Appendix 5) . This individual is also responsible for the disaster training of library personnel.
Operations Director
The Operations Director (Appendix 5) is responsible for the on-site direction of the recovery operation. Duties include supervision of volunteer work forces, employees, coordination of the activities of any others outside the institution who become involved in the recovery operation, coordination and supervision of the in-house communication system (including the use of runners), and the enforcement of safety regulations for all workers.
Electronic Data Recovery Coordinator
The Electronic Data Recovery Coordinator is responsible for the on-site recovery of Library servers, computers, and computer software. Duties include supervision of employees and volunteers.
Physical Resources Director/Assoc. Director
This individual represents the administration of the University’s Physical Resources Department. S/he is thoroughly familiar with floor plans, utilities, special hazards, and any other particulars of the Library. In addition, this person knows exactly what physical resources are available from the university in the event of a disaster and has the authority to commit there resources to a recovery operation.
Campus Safety & Security Officer
This individual represents the administration of the University’s police department. Security of the building(s), university property (real and physical), and the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic are the primary responsibilities of this person. The Campus Safety & Security Department representative has the authority to commit and command the Department’s resources and personnel.
Collection Manager
The Collection Manager (Appendix 5) keeps keep track of damaged materials, whether salvaged or discarded, and determines priorities for the salvage of materials (library holdings). This individual has the responsibility and authority to supervise the packing, boxing, numbering or coding of boxed materials (wet or dry), the transport of those materials to trucks or vans, and the loading of those materials into transport vehicles. The Collection Manager (Appendix 5) works with the Recovery Support Coordinator (Appendix 5) to assess damaged materials and determine salvage priorities based upon condition and department collection priorities.
Recovery Administrative Assistant
This Recovery Administrative Assistant (Appendix 5) is responsible for the proper filing of insurance claims and facilitation of the post-disaster evaluation. This individual maintains the complete, unambiguous records of all facets of the recovery operation as well as the initial documentation and revision of the disaster recovery plan. This individual is in constant contact the Recovery Coordinator (Appendix 5) and Recovery Specialist (Appendix 5). All written and verbal communication is recorded by the Recovery Administrative Assistant (Appendix 5). All communications and decisions (written or verbal) not made in the presence of the Recovery Administrative Assistant must be transcribed immediately by the individual responsible (or his/her designee) and submitted/transferred to the Recovery Administrative Assistant(Appendix 5) . In addition to these responsibilities the Recovery Administrative Assistant (Appendix 5) keeps records of all expenses, names of volunteers, and hours worked by all staff and volunteers.
University Finance Administration (Exec. Vice President):
As the institution’s representative, this individual makes expenditure decisions for amounts beyond those authorized for the Recovery Coordinator by the plan or library budget.
Risk Management & Safety Services Coordinator:
All risk management information must be routed to the University’s Risk Management Coordinator (Appendix 5). The Risk Management Coordinator has the authority and responsibility to establish and enforce safety regulations for all personnel (University and outside volunteers or vendors) involved in the recovery operation. A representative of Risk Management & Safety Services is on-site at all times during the recovery effort to handle workers claims and monitor the working environment.
Library Dean:
The Library Dean (Appendix 5) actively participates with the members of the Disaster Action Recovery Team to establish recovery policies and priorities. However, the primary responsibility of the Dean is to serve as the chief liaison officer of the Library with University Administration. The Library Dean (Appendix 5) serves as the library’s spokesperson in all public relations matters unless otherwise delegated.
Appendix 2: Disaster Telephone Tree
(Who to call after you have reported the emergency)
Type 1 (less than 100) |
Type 2 (less than 1000) |
Type 3 (more than 1000) |
First contact:
Recovery Coordinator Recovery coordinator calls
Recovery Support Coordinator Recovery Support Coordinator then calls
Risk Management Alan Lee 621-3391 (wk);
|
First contact:
Recovery Coordinator Recovery coordinator calls
Recovery Support Coordinator Recovery Support Coordinator then calls
Recovery Support Coordinator then calls Risk Management, members of DART & DART alternates who meet and assess damage.
As needed, Recovery Support Coordinator obtains additional help from library staff members
|
First contact:
Recovery Coordinator Recovery coordinator calls
Recovery Support Coordinator
Recovery Support Coordinator then calls Risk Management, members of DART & DART alternates who meet and assess damage.
Recovery Support Coordinator obtains additional help from library staff members, volunteers from the community (see list), calls in consultants and vendors as needed (see list). |
Appendix 3: Supply List and Campus Locations (TBA)
Supplies on hand
First aid supplies
Plastic bags
Plastic sheeting
Zippy cutters
Paper towels or hand towels
Mops, buckets, brooms
Floor squeegees
Book trucks
Fans
Dehumidifiers
Notepads, clipboards, pencils, waterproof marking pens
Gloves
Boots
Rope
Headlamps
Hard hats
Flashlights and batteries
Polaroid camera and film
Wet-dry vacuum
Cardboard cartons
Wax paper and/or Freezer wrap
Scoop shovels
Pallets
Extension cords
Tool kits (crow bar, flat head screwdriver, Phillips head screw driver, hammer, tape measure, pliers)
Scissors
Tape (mounting, adhesive, electrical, masking)
Two-way radios
Plastic aprons
Bleach
String
Sponges
Waterproof markers
6-12 fifty-gallon plastic garbage cans
Appendix 4: Services and Consultants
Consultants
Barclay Ogden, Berkeley, CA: 415-642-4949 (W); 415-526-1190 (H)
Peter Waters, Library of Congress: 202-287-5634
Sally Buchanan, Pittsburgh, PA: 412-486-3508
Boxes/Crates
ProText: (301) 718-1659
Shamrock Foods (milk crates), 1900 Ruthrauff Rd.: 887-0300
Bekins Moving, Co., 943 E. 17th St.: 622-7676
Trucks
Ryder, 3743 E. Grant (also has boxes): 327-5442
Penske: 622-4406
Freezers
Western Meat Insured Frozen Food Locker
2310 N. Country Club
326-5052
Tucson Frozen Storage
330 S. Toole Ave
623-0660
Mold/Mildew fumigation
Purofirst of Tucson
3553 N. Mountain Ave
670-9375
Consultants & disaster experts
Purofirst of Tucson
3553 N. Mountain Ave
670-9375
Blackman-Mooring Steamatic Catastrophe, Inc. (Main Library has standing contract with BMS who should, based upon the decision of Recovery Coordinator, be contacted in the event of major disaster).
303 Arthur Street
Fort Worth, TX 76107
Toll Free: (800) 433-2940
(24 hr. hotline) Telephone: (817) 332-2770
Fax: (817) 332-6728
Hours: 8:00 am -5:30 pm M-F; 24-hr. hotline
Amigos Library Services, Inc.
14400 Midway Road, Dallas, Texas 75244-3509
972/851-8000
Nat'l 800/843-8482
FAX 972/991-6061
Vacuum freeze-drying
Blackman-Mooring Steamatic Catastrophe, Inc.
International Headquarters
303 Arthur Street
Fort Worth, TX 76107
Toll Free: (800) 433-2940
(24 hr. hotline) Telephone: (817) 332-2770
Fax: (817) 332-6728
Hours: 8:00 am -5:30 pm M-F; 24-hr. hotline
Recovery services include paper-based materials as well as electronic equipment and magnetic media. Book and document collections are vacuum freeze dried for approximately $40 per cubic ft. based on a 500 cubic foot (approx. 6,250 volumes) load. BMS Cat offers a free standby service agreement that creates a customer profile, capturing information that is vital in an emergency prior to an event. Portable blast freezer available.
Disaster Recovery Services
2425 Blue Smoke Court South
Ft. Worth, TX 76105
Toll Free: (800) 856-3333 (24-hr. hotline)
Telephone: (817) 535-6793
Fax: (817) 536-1167
Hours: 8:00 am - 5:00 pm M-F; 24-hr hotline
Solex Environmental Systems
P.O. Box 460242
Houston, TX 77056
Contact: Don Hartsell
Toll Free: (800) 848-0484 (24-hr. hotline)
Telephone: (713) 963-8600
Fax: (713) 461-5877
Hours: 8:00 am - 6:00 pm M-F; 24-hr. hotline
Disaster recovery, dehumidification, building drying services. Solex's specialty is drying wetted materials. Solex's cryogenic dehydration chamber can accommodate a 40 ft. trailer of materials. Solex also offers vacuum freeze drying and additional services, such as dehumidification of large spaces. The vacuum freezer has a capacity of 1000 cubic feet (12,500 volumes) at a cost of is $40 per cubic foot. The minimum job is 250 cubic feet.
Salvage—Film-based materials
Film Technology Company, Inc.
726 N. Cole Avenue
Hollywood, CA 90038
323-464-3456
motion picture film restoration
Eastman Kodak Company
Disaster Recovery Laboratory
1700 Dewey Avenue
B-65, Door G, Room 340
Attention: Howard Schartz
Rochester, NY 14650-1819
Toll Free: 800-EKC-TEST (352-8378)
Telephone: (716) 253-3907
VidiPax
450 West 31st Street
4th Floor
New York, NY 10001
212-563-1999; 800-653-8434
magnetic media restoration, magnetic media
reformatting, consulting
To see more detailed information and services available on Disaster Recovery please refer to
Edwards Disaster Recovery Directory 2007 available in Facilities Director’s office both in digital format and in book form.
Appendix 5. Disaster Response / Main Library
Disaster Action Response Team (DART)
Title |
Name |
Office |
Home |
Recovery Coord. Alternate Alternate 2 Alternate 3 |
Jim Fromm CM Supervisor Julie Rupp Joey Egea |
548-9447 (cell) ?????????? 621-6415 307-2811 // 621-4604 |
575-6360 ???????? 743-2367 |
Recovery Support Coord. Alternate |
Liz Bezanson Bobbie Atchinson |
307-2811 621-8753 |
825-2160 722-5469 |
Operations Director Alternate |
CM Supervisor Travis Teetor |
???????? 621-6407 |
?????????
|
Facilities Maintenance |
Work order desk |
621-3000 |
621-3000 |
Custodial—Associate Dir. Custodial work order desk |
Luis Rocha |
241-7254 (cell) 621-7558 |
621-7558 |
Collection Manager Alternate |
Julie Rupp Kerrie Stramler |
621-6415 621-4874 |
298-3387 293-0210 |
Electronic Data Recovery Coordinator Alternate |
Nora Simmons
Alternate |
307-2809
????????? |
271-1307 |
Security Officer Alternate |
Brian Seastone "Supervisor On Duty" |
621-7539 621-8273 (911 for emergency) |
621-8273 (911 for emergency) |
Recovery Admin. Asst. Alternate |
Sofia Petropoulos Brenda Walsh |
621-9245 621-3282 |
|
University Finance Alternate |
Virginia Valenzuela Lydia Barcelo-Burkey |
307-2799 307-5112 |
294-8590 822-8681 |
Risk Management |
Insurance Officer Health & Safety Assessment |
621-3391 621-1790 |
Police and FM have on-call contact |
Library Dean Associate Dean Alternate |
Carla Stoffle Robert Mitchell Melanie Hupp |
621-6432 307-2782 621-6432 |
577-3304 795-5299 296-7494 |
Once notified, the Recovery Coordinator will convene on-site and assess the level of disaster, the damage to collections and building. S/he will then initiate the phone tree and recovery operation as required.
Section A. Disaster Response / Branches
Disaster Action Response Team (DART)
Title |
Name |
Office |
Home |
Recovery Coord. Alternate 1 Alternate 2 |
Jim Fromm CM Supervisor Julie Rupp |
548-9447 (cell) ????????? 621-6449 |
575-6360 ????????? 743-2367 |
Recovery Support Coord. |
Fine Arts Library |
||
Pat Ballesteros |
307-2793 |
741-772 |
|
Spencer Hunter |
626-1639 |
884-8505 |
|
SEL |
|||
|
John Miller-Wells Pat Montoya |
307-2791 621-6390 |
799-2326 |
Operations Director Alternate |
CM Supervisor Doug Jones |
???????? 621-6411 |
????????
|
Facilities Maintenance Alternate |
Work order desk Luis Rocha (Custodial) |
621-3000 861-6802 (cell) |
621-3000 |
Custodial—Associate Dir. Custodial work order desk |
Luis Rocha |
241-7254 (cell) 621-7558 |
621-7558 |
Electronic Data Recovery Coordinator Alternate |
Nora Simmons
??????????????? |
307-2809
???????? |
271-1307 |
Collection Manager Alternate |
Julie Rupp Kerrie Stramler |
621-6415 621-4874 |
298-3387 293-0210 |
Security Officer Alternate |
Brian Seastone "Supervisor On Duty" |
621-7539 621-8273 (911 for emergency) |
621-8273 (911 for emergency) |
Recovery Admin. Asst.
|
FAH--Gabby Lopez SEL—Joan Klose TST--Sophia Petropoulos MAT—Carmen Leon-Breyer SST—Brenda Walsh |
307-2768 621-6394 621-9245 621-3430 621-3282 621-3282 |
904-0382 |
University Finance Alternate |
Virginia Valenzuela Lydia Barcelo-Burkey |
307-2799 307-5112 |
294-8590 822-8681 |
Risk Management |
Insurance Officer Health & Safety Assessment |
621-3391 621-1790 |
Police and FM have on-call contact |
Library Dean Associate Dean Alternate |
Carla Stoffle Robert Mitchell Melanie Hupp |
621-6432 307-2782 621-6432 |
577-3304 795-5299 296-7494 |
Once notified, the Recovery Coordinator will convene on-site and assess the level of disaster, the damage to collections and building. S/he will then initiate the phone tree and recovery operation as required.
Section A. Disaster Response / Special Collections
Disaster Action Response Team (DART)
Title |
Name |
Office |
Home |
Recovery Coord. Alternate Alternate 2 |
Jim Fromm Roger Myers Amara Koenings |
548-9447 (cell) 621-4345 307-2817 |
575-6360 792-3452 |
Recovery Support Coord. Alternate Alternate 2 |
Roger Myers Amara Koenings Mina Parish |
621-4345 307-2817 621-4294 |
792-3452 |
Operations Director Alternate |
CM Supervisor Travis Teetor |
???????? 621-6407 |
?????????
|
Facilities Maintenance |
Work order desk |
621-3000 |
621-3000 |
Custodial—Associate Dir. Custodial work order desk |
Luis Rocha |
241-7254 (cell) 621-7558 |
621-7558 |
Electronic Data Recovery Coordinator Alternate |
Nora Simmons
??????????????? |
307-2809
???????? |
271-1307 |
Collection Manager Alternate Alternate 2 |
Roger Myers Amara Koenings Elizabeth Perumala |
621-4345 307-2817 621-4294 |
795-3452
|
Security Officer Alternate
|
Brian Seastone "Supervisor On Duty" |
621-7539 621-8273 (911 for emergency) |
621-8273 (911 for emergency) |
Recovery Admin. Asst. Alternate |
Gabby Lopez Sofia Petropoulos |
307-2768 621-9245 |
|
University Finance Alternate |
Virginia Valenzuela Lydia Barcelo-Burkey |
307-2799 307-5112 |
294-8590 822-8681 |
Risk Management |
Insurance Officer Health & Safety Assessment |
621-3391 621-1790 |
Police and FM have on-call contact |
Library Dean Associate Dean Alternate |
Carla Stoffle Robert Mitchell Melanie Hupp |
621-6432 307-2782 621-6432 |
577-3304 795-5299 296-7494 |
Once notified, the Recovery Coordinator will convene on-site and assess the level of disaster, the damage to collections and building. S/he will then initiate the phone tree and recovery operation as required.
Appendix 6 Disaster Action Response Plan Check List
- Notify DART Team and activate DART Plan
(Remember: Consult attached telephone list for contacts and telephone numbers).
- Notify Facilities Management.
- Notify University of Arizona Risk Management, who in turn will notify Arizona State Risk Management.
- Notify Library Subject Specialists and "inhouse evaluation experts." Inhouse evaluation experts include Steve Bosch (Main Library), Roger Myers (Special Collections), and Amy Rule (Center for Creative Photography).
- If appropriate, and only after consulting with University of Arizona Risk Management and State Risk Management, notify BMS Catastrophe or other disaster response consultants. In any "Major" disaster (more than 1000 collection items) our priority will be to outsource damaged materials. Outsourcing is also an option in "Moderate" (between 100 and 1000 collection items) or "Minor" disasters (fewer than 100 items) dependent on the value or rarity of damaged materials.
- If appropriate, notify refrigerated trucking company (see attached telephone list).
- Disaster Response supplies can be found in the Library Loading Dock area located in B107. (Additional items, including dehumidifiers are located in Special Collections and the Center for Creative Photography. A supplemental list of all Disaster Response supplies is found in the DART Plan).
- Use cameras to document effected areas and all disaster response activity (cameras are located in LIST, Special Collections, and the Center for Creative Photography).
- Members of DART Team should meet periodically on a daily basis to assess needs, determine priorities, and coordinate response activities.
- Meeting times should be scheduled at the discretion of the Recovery Coordinator, but recommended times include: 9:00 am, 12:00 pm, and 4:00 pm.
- Establish clear lines of communication between members of DART Team.
- It is recommended that members of DART Team carry cell phones or "walkie talkies" to maintain contact with one another.
- Notify Library Circulation and Inter-Library Loan that effected areas of Library will be cordoned off due to disaster response and recovery activities and that specific collection items will not be available for public use.
- The Recovery Coordinator and the Special Assistant to the Dean should coordinate all contact with the press and media.
- Periodically check the floor immediately below the effected area for water damage and seepage.
- Take appropriate action to cover, remove, or protect vulnerable collections, computers, furniture, etc.
- Establish "Primary Triage Work Area[s]" and identify "Secondary" processing areas. Install and activate fans and dehumidifiers in the Secondary processing areas.
- The Primary Triage Work Area[s] should be established as close to the disaster environment as possible. Recommended Primary Triage Work Areas on each floor of the Main Library include the bricked floor areas in front of elevators.
- Secondary-processing areas should be located in closed environments. Recommended Secondary processing areas in the Main Library include the 5th floor Staff Lounge. Other recommended areas include study rooms, breakout rooms, etc.
- In the Branch Libraries, recommended triage areas include the Special Collections' classroom and reading room; the CCP loading dock; the Music building's practice rooms; and the Science and Engineering Library's study and meeting rooms.
- Doors to Secondary processing areas should be closed, ventilation systems turned off or blocked, and fans and dehumidifiers installed and activated.
- Identify and cordon off effected areas.
- Remove all collection materials from stacks to book trucks.
- If necessary, remove computers and furniture.
- DART Team members and TST staff will supervise removal activities.
- In the "Primary Triage Work Area[s]," TST staff, DART Team members, Library staff, student workers, and temporary workers will identify, inventory, and box "soaked" or obviously wet collection materials:
- TST staff, DART Team members, Library Subject Specialists, and Library staff will identify soaked or wet items.
- To inventory soaked or wet collection materials, TST will check out all soaked or wet items. Wet or soaked materials should be checked out to a TST disaster account.
- Following the check out procedure, wet items should be wrapped in freezer paper (wax side toward books) and boxed immediately for freeze-drying. Student workers, temporary workers, and available Library staff will box wet books. Box all books spine down. Allow 1/8 inch between each wrapped book.
- Boxes, with lids in place, should be removed immediately to the Library Loading Dock for transportation to treatment center.
- Remaining items should be removed to Secondary processing areas:
- Using the moisture meters, "damp" items should be identified and kept in the secondary processing area; "dry" items should be isolated, and at an appropriate time, returned to stacks. (Wet or soaked items register 8 - 12 on the meter scale. Damp items register 5 - 7 on the meter scale).
- If wet or soaked items are identified, return items to the Primary Triage Work Area for processing.
- Maintain damp items in Secondary processing areas for a period of at least 4 days.
- TST staff will inventory both damp and dry items.
- Following the inventory process, TST staff will assess all materials to determine if items are candidates for: (1) in-house binding, (2) outside conservation, (3) return to stacks.
- Remember: If freeze-drying services are not available, all materials, regardless of the level of damage, should be placed in secondary-processing and triage areas.
- Before returning items to stacks:
- Make sure moisture levels are down.
- Make sure carpets are dry.
- Make sure mildew and mold abatement work has been completed.
- Make sure shelving and effected areas have been disinfected.